The Old Man and the Sea Chasing and Being Chased an Example of the Topic Literature Essays by

The Old Man and the Sea: Chasing and Being Chased by Expert Dr.Stephanie.Ph.D | 01 Aug 2016 The Old Man and the Sea allude to those artistic works of Ernest Hemingway, which give a lot of room to understanding because of their figurative nature. To be sure, on a superficial level the plot isn't a lot of over-burden by occasions, introducing an account of the old angler Santiago, who chases an extraordinary fish for a couple of days. For more than eighty days he hasnt got a solitary fish lastly his young companion and understudy, the kid called Manolo, watches him leave for have another attempt. Santiago figures out how to get hold of a tremendous marlin which is solid to such an extent that it takes three days interest to deplete and kill him. In the mean time, the elderly person is harmed and debilitated himself. Nonetheless, sharks see the smell of the fishs fragile living creature and in spite of the fact that Santiago utilizes all arms nearby against them, it is all futile and inevitably there is nothing left of the marlin except for the skeleton. Under this plain canva s lies a complex inborn significance, which the present paper will be centered around. The primary ideas, to which most basic research can be restricted, are the interrelation among Man and Nature, Man and Faith and Man and Death. These focuses joined with the understanding into Christian imagery of the novel serve to be the key object of the present paper. Need article test on The Old Man and the Sea: Chasing and Being Chased point? We will compose a custom article test explicitly for you Continue College Students Often Tell EssayLab experts: I'm not in the state of mind to compose my paper. Since I need to invest energy with my sweetheart Article author experts prompt: Contact Us To Get Your Essay Least expensive Essay Writing Company Essay Writing Service How to do Assignment Write My Essay For Me Cheap One of the basic components of any philosophical origination alludes to the connection among's Man and Nature. There is no big surprise that a few analysts lay accentuation on this viewpoint when deciphering the novel. That is the thing that Leo Gurko expounds on it: One part of this universe, recognizable from the previous works, is its constancy. The round of Nature - which incorporates human natureis interminable as well as unceasingly the equivalent. The sun not just ascents, it rises consistently, and sets and rises again without the difference in musicality. The relationship of Nature to man continues through essential examples that never fluctuate. In this manner, in spite of the way that a story by Hemingway is in every case loaded with move, the activity happens inside the world that is essentially static. The association of the Universe did not depend on mishaps, it is significantly very much arranged. Everybody has an exceptional job he should play, regularly the job of a tracker and the pursued. Be that as it may, the fact of the matter is, regardless of the prescriptive character of these jobs, the perspectives which they summon can shift fundamentally. At that point the relativity of being a tracker and being a casualty is inescapable and it becomes apparent that it is imperative to feeling like a piece of natures shrewd instrument, to feel friendship for its animals in spite of the job you play corresponding to them. A feeling of fraternity and love, in a world wherein everybody is slaughtering or being executed, ties together the animals of Nature, sets up between them a solidarity and a feeling which rises above the damaging example in which they are gotten. In the interminable round, each living thing, man, and creature showcases its predetermination as indicated by the drives of its species, and in the process turns into a piece of the significant amicability of the characteristic universe. This congruity, considering the hard realities of interest, brutality, and passing however arriving at a phase of feeling past them, is an essential part of Hemingway's perspective on the world This way of thinking is showed in the character of Santiago who advances fraternity between all animals. That is the reason he doesnt think about the fish his adversary; despite what might be expected, he feels extraordinary love and esteem for its mental fortitude and respectability. The elderly person converses with all invigorate and lifeless things, which encompass him. He even converses with his hand, which resembles a living being for him having its own character, its disposition, its shortcomings, and benefits. Be that as it may, as indicated by the specialist, it isn't sufficient just to have a place with the world, one needs to ace it, not it could be said of administering or claiming however in the feeling of having aptitudes. That is the thing that Santiago implies when he says: It is smarter to be fortunate, he thinks. In any case, I would prefer to be careful. At that point when karma comes you are prepared. Hemingway accepts that being capable in common callings like angling encourages the better comprehension of Nature. Bickford Sylvester proceeds with the topic of nature and the amicable request, which Gurko addresses. He accepts, in any case, that the concordance must be acknowledged through consistent restriction everything being equal: Indeed, by a chain of affiliations infesting the surface of the story, resistance to nature is incomprehensibly uncovered as important to essentialness in the characteristic field whereupon the activity happens. Both the marlin and the September angler are old, situated away from that period of the existence cycle when the regular wellsprings of vitality stream uninhibitedly. However, the more prominent fixation therefore expected of them yields the more noteworthy power which means that life itself. All ramifications ac cumulate, in the end, to uncover a key common rule of agreeable resistance. In this unique circumstance, the battle of Santiago with the fish procures another implication: he needs to do it to keep the characteristic parity and the fish similarly needs it for a similar reason. This view calls up the one of the Gurko again yet Sylvester isn't so secure with the chance of serene conjunction and of fraternity between all animals. Rather, he sees that Hemingways animals fall under two classes: into the individuals who break the path for themselves and the individuals who rely upon others, and they are not delineated similarly positive: among all the living animals in the story, including the men, the individuals who are daring and forceful are obviously depicted as spotless, wonderful, and tastefully fulfilling in their conduct. Then again, the disdainful, terrible smelling foragers are consistently appalling, exploitative, and unbalanced (Sylvester, 1999). Be that as it may, in the realm of Hemingway, where Man lives near Nature, even the appalling and fearful has its own place and capacity. Another part of the interrelation among man and Nature showed in the book is seen via Carlos Baker who follows the minutes when Santiago recalls the kid and the lions dur ing his excursion : They help in an entirely prominent manner. For the kid and the lions are identified with one of the principal mental laws of Santiago'sand surely of humannature. This is the consistent wave-like activity of supporting and unwinding. The kid supports, the lions unwind, as in the systolic-diastolic development of the human heart. The wonder is identified with the variation of rest and waking through the entire scope of physical nature. Man according to nature, portrayed above, isn't the main conceivable connection, considered by the pundits. Other than outer nature, man needs to confront his inward nature. He is disregarded with it, in isolation, in separation from the remainder of humankind. Now, the possibility of confidence goes to the closer view. Confidence procures a wide importance surpassing the restrictions of religion. In any case, the symbolic structure of the novel is so much characteristic that it pulls in the consideration of abstract analysts. Along these lines, Joseph Waldmeir states that the equal among Santiago and Christ is completely unequivocal: The Old Man is an angler, and he is likewise an instructor, one who has shown the kid not just how to fishthat is, the manner by which to make a livingbut how to carry on also, giving him the pride and quietude important to a decent life. During the preliminaries with the extraordinary fish and with the sharks his hands torment him frightfully, his back is lashed by the line, he gets an eye puncturing cerebral pain, and his chest chokes and he spits blood. He snares the fish around early afternoon, and around early afternoon of the third day, he kills it by driving his spear into its heart. As he sees the second and third sharks assaulting, the Old Man calls resoundingly 'Ay,' and Hemingway remarks: There is no interpretation for this word and maybe it is simply such a commotion as a man would make, automatically, feeling the nail experience his hand and into the wood. On handling, the Old Man bears his pole and goes upward from the ocean toward his cabin; he is compelled to lay a few times on his excursion up the slope, and when he arrives at the hovel he lies on the bed with his arms out straight and the palms of his hands up. The Christian imagery is clear yet it doesnt surmise that the character of Santiago sticks to ordinary Christian qualities. Along these lines, he asserts that he doesnt have confidence in God and is by all accounts preferably eccentric over devout. He just recollects the expressions of supplication right now of emergency yet he really anticipates no disclosure from paradise, no marvelous guide. Furthermore, here falsehoods the particulars of Santiagos (and likely, Hemingways) confidence Waldmeir considers his religion the Religion of Man. It invests heavily, mental fortitude and the quality of soul to be the disciple of this religion. It implies you can just incline toward yourself as a God-like animal and all things considered, your true faith in yourself can make you supernaturally, extraordinarily amazing. That is what befalls Santiago when he pursues the fish. That is Hemingways kind of otherworldliness about which his individual author William Faulkner talks with such profound r espect: This time, he found God, a Creator. Up to this point, his people had made themselves; formed themselves out of their own mud; their triumphs and thrashings were on account of one another, equitable to demonstrate to themselves or each other how intense they could be. Yet, this time, he expounded on feel sorry for: about something some place that made them all: the

Company Resources and Capabilities of Abercrombie and Fitch Case Study

Organization Resources and Capabilities of Abercrombie and Fitch - Case Study Example In the accompanying elusive resources for example human resources and brand and picture resources of organization are described.Human assetsAbercrombie and Fitch as a major retailer of garments enroll the little youngsters from universities, as they appear as though the list models. American look is utilized to pass judgment on the character of another up-and-comer. Customers want to purchase the items from stores where staff looks as they act in the notices. In certain regards employing a gorgeous individual isn't illicit however segregation is found in respects of sex, age and ethnicity. Individuals having retail experience whine as they are not employed; rather than that youthful gorgeous individuals having no retail experience are enlisted (Barlow and Stewart, 2006). Brands and imageCompany centers around the customers’ requests and keeps moving along the customers’ esteem chains. Organization focuses on the adolescent individuals matured somewhere in the range of 1 4 and 22 years of age to sell the games and different items. Some significant brands of organization incorporate as Abercrombie and Fitch, Ruhel No 924, Hollister Co., Gilly Hicks and Abercrombie. These brands are delivered guaranteeing the concentration and commitment of clients. Organization works at various portions and takes into account potential and existing clients at various stages.This part is engaged to see the appropriation abilities and key adaptability as capacity assets of the organization. Circulation abilities of organization to satisfy the sets of its clients just as different organizations are an improved component.

Improving Call Center Effectiveness Relational Abilities - 1100 Words

Improving Call Center Effectiveness: Relational Abilities (Research Proposal Sample) Content: Name:Professor:Course:Date:Improving Call Center EffectivenessPhenomenal communication and interpersonal aptitudes are regularly the toughest for new client bolster laborers to learn than specialized abilities or business aptitudes. These abilities are additionally harder to quantify and assess. It takes practice to figure out how to utilize interchanges aptitudes adequately. In any case, experienced client bolster operators and their supervisors realize that customer fulfillment is straightforwardly identified with how well specialists listen to, comprehend and correspond with clients. Bolster operators who focus exclusively on finding the right specialized answer might be baffled and astounded to discover that customers are not exactly fulfilled by their bolster collaborations. In this part, you'll realize some down to earth tuning in, understanding, talking, and customer relationship abilities. Client bolster staff can apply these aptitudes to any bolster circumsta nce to take care of client issues and accomplish two objectives of each bolster demand: customer fulfillment and superb client administration (Graumann 124). Albeit a large portion of the abilities talked about in this part apply straightforwardly to both phone bolster and direct bolster, these aptitudes likewise apply to composed correspondence. Truth be told, composed correspondence is regularly trickier than oral correspondence in light of the fact that the tone and voice pitches are missing. The fact of the matter is that solid correspondence and interpersonal aptitudes are vital in any bolster environment.Relational abilities are key to give fantastic client administration. Correspondence is a procedure that includes both listening and reacting. A few interchanges, outstandingly up close and personal, telephone, e-mail and chat sessions, are two-way interactions between a support specialists and an end client. Different interchanges, including a bolster webpage, are fundamental ly restricted. To listen adequately, client bolster specialists must have the capacity to hear or re-comprehend a client's issue or question and after that mirror their comprehension of the issue or question by their talked or composed reaction. Tuning in, comprehension and reacting are fundamental to taking care of client issues. A bolster association that can take care of client issues viably and proficiently, and does such utilizing great interpersonal abilities, makes customer fulfillment and shows that the bolster association gives magnificent customer administrations. Help work areas and client bolster associations often consolidate a client administration ethic into their statements of purpose. Numerous associations go for an objective of 100 per cent customer fulfillment 100 per cent of the time (Sieben 569). This ethic implies that the client bolster staff expects to fulfill each customer in each bolster episode.Successive reason that customers leave an equipment or program ming seller for another is the poor administration they get. Truth be told, fabulous administration might be more vital to customers than item features, value, accommodation, or whatever other part of a business they exchange. Second, it often takes more bolster assets to handle episodes from disappointed customers than from fulfilled ones. A disappointed customer will probably create; Lengthy occurrences, rehashed callbacks due to lack of understanding, complaints and hostility among customers which can decipher into poor advertising and lost deals. Client backing is basically a client administration business and that the objective is to make fulfilled customers. In the event that clients are not regarded as esteemed customers, they may not remain customers for long.To fathom these fabricate listening and communication aptitudes, the company should enroll its support team for courses in little gathering or interpersonal correspondences, which regularly put rise to weight on listeni ng and talking abilities. Numerous professional specialized preparing projects and expert improvement seminars on client administration skills additionally incorporate chances to take a shot at listening and talking abilities (Salniza 1043). To create aptitudes with composed interchanges from clients, the support team should be trained to study email messages from companions or associates. Through this, they develop a technological knowhow on how to break down messages to inspect the dialect utilized and to search for hints about how the sender feels and as well whether they can precisely restate their message. Moreover, they have ability to listen to and hear or read a client's issue depiction and attempt to add to a comprehension of the client's circumstance. Preferably, it may be important to ass some level of compassion with the client. Bolster operators who can feel for a client comprehend the issue or question from the client's perspective.As you build up a comprehension of th e client and the issue, it may be similarly important to convey to the client that you see him or her as a man, as opposed to as a bolster occurrence. One procedure that accomplished bolster specialists use is to envision the client. Regardless of the possibility that you don't have a clue about the client by and by, the support team should be at a point to consider somebody in their own particular experience who sounds like or is like the client and afterward speak with that picture as opposed to with a voice at the flip side of the telephone line or a talk message on your screen. A second strategy is to utilize comprehensive dialect, for example "we" as opposed to "I" and "you."(Carmen 854). A phone procedure you can utilizeIt is quite evident that numerous bolster associations supply their specialists with a script to handle routine parts of an occurrence. Scripts can be valuable in preparing helps for new bolster specialists and in addition devices to handle complex specialized issues and troublesome clients. In any case, a client ought to never suspect that you are basically perusing a script or some other data unless you make it clear already that you is perusing a bit of specialized data to guarantee exactness. Moreover, experienced bolster specialists perceive circumstances in which they ought to veer off from the script, for example, when the client shows master information of the issue circumstance. Scripts are additionally valuable if an episode develops into a contention or other wrong correspondence. Returning to a script can offer you some assistance with getting cooperation back on track and ensure that the episode is taken care of as indicated by hierarchical strategy.Besides that, it is quite important for the company as well to maintain a database...

Comprehensive Ignorance - 1553 Words

Currently, there is no national standard regarding sexual education in America. Soaring sexually transmitted infection (STI) rates are occurring at a national level – there are approximately nine million new occurrences of STIs in the United States each year among teenagers and young adults alone (Alan Guttmacher Institute 2011). Consequently, the United States continues to have one of the highest teen pregnancy rates in the developed world—more than twice as in Canada (Alan Guttmacher Institute 2011). This large number of infected teenagers combined with the startling pregnancy rates has caused a state of panic in many states, provoking discussion on the topic of introducing comprehensive sexual education into the classroom as a†¦show more content†¦Although teaching abstinence is useful and can benefit an individual, it clearly is not enough. While the department of education does include a recommendation for school districts to develop and implement age-a ppropriate sex education, it’s not mandated in many states. There is confusion among teenagers about the different methods they can use to protect themselves; for example, contraceptives (such as birth control) do not prevent STI’s, but do prevent pregnancies. In fact, almost 37% of 18-25 year olds incorrectly believe at least one of the following: transmission of HIV is possible by sharing a glass, kissing, or touching a toilet seat (The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation 2006). Without the proper knowledge, teens simply cannot be expected to act accordingly. Abstinence-only education gives students an incomplete education, and expects students to disregard the gaps in teachings. This isnt just unfair; it is dangerous. 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Cognitive Behavioral And Family Therapy - 851 Words

Cognitive-behavioral family therapy provides many strengths for families. It also helps strengthen the relationship between couples that are married. Therapists treating couples who are married use strategies to improve the foundation of their marriage. In cognitive behavioral family therapy couples are taught to express themselves clearly and are taught new behaviors to improve communication and establish a solid union as partners. They are also taught strategies to solve marital problems and ways to maintain positive control. Toggle appreciable family therapy provides a number of treatment interventions for the family to improve their emotional regulation. An example of an intervention is the downward Arrow which helps families Express their feelings and the emotions behind them it allows them to express their emotions and understand them while projecting in a calm manner not leading to recrimination. 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What Works Reducing Recidivism for Juveniles Essay Example For Students

What Works: Reducing Recidivism for Juveniles Essay Jennifer L RichardsNovember 12, 2010IntroductionJuvenile crimes are usually represented as a large proportion in a community. To minimize the situation, the juvenile justice system created different types of rehabilitation programs eager to assist juveniles in becoming more susceptible to future criminal activities. Patience and hope is the forefront of our juvenile justice system. As a community come together to help prevent juvenile crime, our juvenile justice system had an astonishing decrease in juvenile crime since 1999. Unfortunately, many juvenile offenses go unreported and thus do not become a part of the national statistical picture (OJJDP). Even though in 1999, U.S. juvenile courts processed an estimated 1,673,000 delinquency cases that involved juveniles charged with criminal law violations (Stahl, pg. 1, 2001). The reason for this trend is estimated to be the risk factors that affect juveniles such as drugs, mental defects, extreme poverty, over exposure to violence, an e asy access to firearms, violence in media (movies, etc), an unstable family life with family violence, gang violence, and other delinquent peers to which they subject themselves.Today, nineteen percent of all juveniles arrested in 2007 were handled within the police department and then released. Seventy percent of arrested juveniles were referred to juvenile court (OJJDP). Most crimes committed by juveniles are caused by males. More than three of every four (76%) delinquency cases in 1999 involved a male, a decline from 81% in 1990. In 1999, males accounted for 84% (160,800) of drug law violation cases, 76% (537,900) of property offense cases, 75% (293,000) of public order offense cases, and 73% (282,800) of person offense cases. So the question being asked here is, ?How can the juvenile justice system prevent such trends and what programs work to reduce recidivism amongst juvenilesReducing Juvenile Recidivism with SanctionsAccording to the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, (also known as OJJDP) report and Juvenile Offenders and Victims: 2006 National Report, ?There is no national recidivism rate for juveniles. Such a rate would not have much meaning since juvenile justice systems vary so much across states (OJJDP). High profile?often very violent?incidents tend to shape public perceptions of juvenile offending. Juvenile justice systems have widely adopted risk assessment instruments to support judicial and administrative decisions about sanctioning severity and restrictiveness of care (Juvenile Assessments). It is important for the public, the media, elected officials, and juvenile justice professionals to have an accurate view of (1) the crimes committed by juveniles, (2) the proportion and characteristics of youth involved in law-violating behaviors, and (3) trends in these behaviors. This understanding can come from studying victim reports, juvenile self-reports of offending behavior, and official records (Snyder, Sickmund, pg. 63). Th e main aim of community corrections is to make it possible for juvenile offenders to receive additional help via local, city, or county level programs for treatment and assistance rather than prison. The main goals of community sanctions include facilitating juvenile offender reintegration, fostering juvenile offender rehabilitation, providing an alternative range of juvenile offender punishments, and heightening juvenile offender accountability. The general purpose of an officer working to assist in a community sanction is: to establish criteria for selecting work sites for offenders ordered to perform community service; to design an intensive supervision program; to devise a means of reducing crowding in a local jail; or to propose a set of sentencing guidelines for the use of community sanctions. ?Sanctions? are the official responses levied or imposed by the criminal justice system on persons convicted of crimes (Harris, Pgs 3-4).Rehabilitation is one of the major goals of any c ommunity sanctioned program. Sanctions may be assigned for the purposes of punishment, treatment, public protection, deterrence, or a variety of other aims. The types of rehabilitations can be separated by age groups, diverse backgrounds, addictions such as drugs and alcohol, or learning disabilities (including educational deficiencies). Community sanctions have major functions to assist in juvenile offender punishments which include client monitoring and supervision, ensuring public safety, employment assistance, individual/group counseling, education training and literacy services, networking with other community agencies and businesses, and alleviating jail and prison overcrowding. The means to have an alternative outlet for a non-violent offender is better than sending them into the prison. Even though there are significant changes in the way immediate sanctions work, they are great opportunities for the juvenile. There are different types of intermediate sanctions depending on the circumstances of the offender. There are diversion programs which are commonly referred to as a ?front door? program because the goal is to limit the number of juvenile offenders attempting to enter prison. This program is generally used for low risk offenders who want to substitute their time. The juvenile offender can spend this time in either a halfway home for drugs, sex crimes, or alcohol abuse that contributed to their crime or a type of boot camp usually consistent with military programs. If the juvenile offender accepts that responsibility and rules of the program, there is a possible opportunity to be released completely back into the community. You also have the enhancement programs for juvenile offenders. It consists of previously sentenced probationers and parolees and punishes them to closer supervision in the community instead of having them on basic parole and probation. There is an understanding that there are some who oppose community sanctions. This may include public resistance to locating community programs in communities, punishment and public safety versus the juvenile offender rehabilitation and reintegration, net-widening, the privatization of community sanctions agencies, and services delivery. Some neighborhoods just can not accept the fact that community sanctions can be helpful than hurtful. There is also the NIMBY (Not in My Backyard) syndrome where some neighborhoods believe that community sanctions should not be in communities. But as you know, there are always pros and cons of any situation dealing with change. Intermediate sanctions are subject to ridicule. Most communities feel that offenders need to get the help but not in their community. Without the support of legislature and communities, most juvenile offenders have no way of getting the help needed and may be sentenced to prison/jail on the account of bad judgments. While sentenced to an intermediate sanction, a juvenile offender can latch on to other juvenile offende rs with the same problems and cause conflict once released only because the juvenile offender continues to associate with unruly peers. You also have those technical violations that flood the courts and desks of probation officers. According to Byrne, Lurigio, and Baird, ISP?s are suppose to alleviate prison overcrowding and avoid the costs of building and sustaining prisons and prevent the stultifying and stigmatizing effect of imprisonment. Also ISP?s are expected to promote public safety through surveillance strategies, while promoting a sense of responsibility and accountability through probation fees, restitution, and community service activities. Of course this generates issues regarding ISP programs in reducing recidivism, diverting offenders from prison, and ensuring public safety (Latessa). In order for ISP?s to work, the program needs to make drastic changes and/or scrap the programs and start new. Correctional Options: Incapacitation or Community SupervisionCommunity sanctions are very important to have in today?s society but most juveniles spend time in a juvenile prison. Correctional options are classified as community supervision and/or incarceration. One of the main questions being asked is, ?Does these programs reach the goals needed to deter a juvenile from future criminal behavior I do agree that they do. To get a better understanding of what the two programs offer, we need to explain them in detail. Let us begin to explore the terms of incarceration, punishment, deterrence, and incapacitation. With incarceration, a juvenile has no other options but to be detained until released, either through probation/parole or the completion of their sentence. As far as punishment is involved, being incarcerated is the worst punishment and is a simile to incapacitation. Incapacitation is a form of incarceration which may include, but not limited to, the three-strike program and othe r programs. Now with rehabilitation, there is the option of being supervised within the community such as in a halfway home, in home incarceration (home arrest), and community service programs. This is considered a part of community supervision with boot camps being most popular amongst juveniles. The 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), which was conducted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, interviewed 9,000 youth who were between the ages of 12 and 16 at year-end 1996 and asked whether or not they had engaged in a variety of deviant or delinquent behaviors (OJJDP). These programs are considered to deter a juvenile delinquent from committing future crimes. With cooperation within these programs, there may be a real solution to the punishment of juveniles. Most juveniles feel that being incarcerated is the worst type of punishment a person can have but some juveniles go for an easier option. That option is rehabilitation. With so many programs being offered, there is u sually a never ending amount of support for drug and alcohol abuse and even juvenile sex offenders. Rehabilitation is also a cost saving measure and can decrease the overpopulation in prisons. Sometimes having other options instead of incarceration may deter the juvenile to do better with themselves. But there is a downside to this also. Some juveniles use the rehabilitation option as a way to get off with an easier sentence and use the services to further their progress as far as gaining job opportunities and other resources. With inconsistencies in most programs, a juvenile who really needs the help may not get that opportunity. This causes these programs to have gaps and may boast the statistical percentages. What actually makes incarceration and incapacitation similar is that both offer punishment as a measure to committing crimes. The most controversial is the death penalty. Of course juveniles are put to death unless charged as an adult. In some states, it is consider unconsti tutional and is banned. With being incapacitated, you may be submitted to hard labor (cooking, cleaning, construction, etc) as a form of your sentence. Chain gangs were very popular and have resurfaced in Alabama recently but have not been allowed by juvenile institutions. With being incarcerated for so long, most juveniles will never commit another crime. The harsh laboring and constant overcrowding in prisons persuades more juveniles not to fall back into their old habits. Deterrence is the main goal incarceration, incapacitation, and punishment is trying to achieve. What Really Works!The juvenile justice system will never know what actually works until programs are actually tried. Broad assessments were created to measure criminal behavior among juveniles. These assessments were carefully coined meta-analysis. Researchers study the growing research material to examine and compare the difference amongst groups for comparisons of treatment and control groups. Many juveniles are put in a program that does not meet their background requirements which can increase recidivism. Mark Lipsey (1992) examined 443 studies that focused on interventions or treatments designed to reduce, prevent, or treat delinquency or other antisocial behavior problems similar to juvenile delinquency. Programs seem to work best when they are new, when their subjects are amenable to treatment in the first place, and when the counselors are not only trained people, but ?good people? as well (Ted Palmer and Robert Martinson, 1975). Lipsey also stated that, ?In 64.3 percent of the studies he examined, the treatment group did better (in most cases this finding refers to a reduction in recidivism) than the control group. Considering all treatment program studies combined, 45 percent of those who received treatment were expected to recidivate, in comparison with 50 percent of the nontreated control group. (Treatment Programs)? Overall, Lipsey?s meta-analysis indicated that the more effective p rograms provided larger amounts of meaningful contact and were longer in duration, offered behavioral, skill oriented, and multimodal treatment, or were designed by a researcher or had research as an influential component of the treatment setting. Now it is also important to have a trained staff on hand who at least knows the background of the program or was once an offender themselves who reverted from those ways. It puts the juvenile in a standpoint of wanting to change and influencing others to do the same. Palmer (page 372) believed that the direction of intervention has resulted from skeptics and supporters by: having programs with multiple modalities used; have intensity of contacts increased in most programs; have greater attention paid to offenders? needs and characteristics so that they can be matched with those particular program elements. Mathematics Technology Lesson Plan Essay More than eight in 10 said that providing community-based programs and services including education, job skills, mentoring, mental health treatment, counseling, and community service is an effective way to rehabilitate youth (CCLP poll). Those surveyed were more willing to pay additional taxes for rehabilitation than they are for incarceration (ADJJ research). The average amount in additional annual taxes that respondents are willing to pay for rehabilitation is almost 20% greater than it is for incarceration (ADJJ research). Major changes are going to have to occur and whether taxpayers like it or not, more money will have to be spent in order to secure a positive future. This country?s future depends on our youth population and every effort should be put forth to allow youthful offenders to be rehabilitated (McConnell, 2006). It is possible that intermediate sanctions can alleviate the overcrowding in prisons and offer second chances. It is possible that intermediate sanctions may work for one offender and not another. And it is possible that intermediate sanctions can generate a productive future for offenders. But in order to achieve these, the community needs to accept the offender into their community. Rehabilitation is crucial to the complete process and release of the offender. ConclusionRehabilitation has been around for years and rehabilitating a juvenile has increased. It is possible that the programs administered will also have an increase of juveniles and there will be new programs popping up around the country. We know that juveniles are committing crimes at a lower rate than before but it is up to the community, schools and the families to support them. Without support, they will re-offend and end up in our adult system. We must intervene now for the prevention process of juvenile crime. It is also possible that intermediate sanctions can alleviate the overcrowding in prisons and offer second chances. It is possible that intermediate sanctions may work for one juvenile and not another. And it is possible that intermediate sanctions can generate a productive future for juveniles. But in order to achieve these, the community needs to accept the offender into their community. Rehabilitation is crucial to the complete process and release of the juvenile. What we as adults are beginning to understanding is that the prevention of juvenile crime consists of more family involvement. There should be more parents being assertive in a juvenile?s life than passive. Ask questions when necessary and let the juvenile know that you support then 100 percent. Have boundaries when allowing a juvenile to interact with peers and meet those peers. If possible, make the initiative to meet other parents and socialize in the community for the well-being of your child and other children. Having that family support is often a forefront to prevention of future trends for criminal behavior for juveniles.BibliographySiegal, Larry J., and Senna, Joseph J. Juvenile Delinquency: Theory, Practice, and Law Seventh Edition. Wadsworth/Thomson Learning, Belmont CA, 2000. Pealer, Jennifer and Latessa Edward. Technology Transfer: A Case Study in Implementing the Principles of Effective Cognitive Behavioral Interventions for At-Risk Juveniles. Probation, Parole, and Community Corrections Champion, Dean J 5th EditionThe Goals of Community Corrections Harris, M Kay Byrne, Lurigio Baird, 1989:10 http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0825/is_n2_v62/ai_18534476/pg_3Corrections in the Community Third Edition Latessa, Edward J. Allen, Harry E. Delinquency Cases in Juvenile Courts, 1999, Stahl, Ann L. September 2003Child Delinquency, Flores, J Robert. March 2003Juvenile Justice in America ?Why is it so hard for a juvenile offender to ?go straight 4th edition Bartollas, Clemens and Miller, Stuart J. 2004; Pearson/Princeton Hallhttp://www.ncjrs.gov/App/QA/Detail.aspx?Id=113context=9 Juvenile Justice Recidivism RatesJuvenile Offenders and Victims: 2006 National Report Pg. 63Treatment Programs for Juvenile Delinquents http://www.ojjdp.gov/jjbulletin/9907_3/treat.htmlA Meta-Analysis of Juvenile Justice Risk Assessment Instruments Predictive Validity by GenderCraig S. Schwalbe, http://cjb.sagepub.com/content/35/11/1367.abstractPreventing Future Crime With Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. Patrick Clark http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij/journals/265/therapy.htm

Oedipas Search Of Tristero In Crying Of Lot 49 By Thomas Pynchon Essay

Oedipa's Search Of Tristero In Crying Of Lot 49 By Thomas Pynchon Thomas Pynchon is an American novelist known for his experimental writing techniques. His works involve extremely complicated plots and themes, and mix black humor with imagination and fantasy to describe human isolation and alienation in a chaotic society. Among his books, The Crying of Lot 49, is the most commonly read, in either literature courses or simply for pleasure. As the reading progresses, the definite and symbolic meaning of the Tristero, and an understanding of the historical and political background of America in the 60?fs is needed to better understand. When I first started reading The Crying of Lot 49, there appeared to be some complicated riddles. When put it in perspective with the history of the times, a clearer image and more detailed context of the text came to me. Many historical events in the era are indirectly and metaphorically incorporated in the text. Looking at a book of history, then it can be seen that Americans opposed the centralization of administrative power, and rejected the threats of being surrounded and controlled by it. The Tristero represents their feelings, volitions and wishes. It?fs a symbol of free will. In order to find out what the Tristero is, it?fs very helpful to understand what the American counter-culture was about. As for American history, the 1960s was an exciting, revolutionary and turbulent time of great social, political, cultural and technological change in America. The movement away from the conservatism of the 1950s was continuous and eventually resulted in those aforementioned changes. The following are some events influencing this book in each of the four changes in this decade. This period from a social standpoint witnessed the expansion of the welfare state, the emergence of numerous movements for social change, and experienced civil rights, and gay and women?fs liberation. In terms of political changes in this era, there were some major events which occurred influencing the world; the Americanization of the war in Vietnam, the civil rights movement, and the assassinations of not only two great African American leaders, Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr., but also John F. Kennedy. Taking up the Vietnam War as one example, the government kept secrets about what was really going on there, and lied to its citizens; therefore, the citizens felt uneasy about it and suspicious of it. Adumbrating these political changes of the 1960s John F. Kennedy won the presidential election. ?g We stand today on the verge on a new frontier- the frontier of the 1960?fs, a frontier of unknown opportunities and peril- a frontier of unfulfilled hopes and threats.?h In 1964 President Johnson who campaigned on a platform of continued social program and a limited involvement in Vietnam won by a landslide. In 1968 Richard Nixon entered the Republican convention, and stated ?g When the strongest nation in the world can be tied down for four years in a war in Vietnam with no end in sight, when the richest nation with the great tradition of the rule of law is plagued by unprecedented racial violence, when the President of the United States cannot travel abroad, or to any major city at home, then its time for new leadership for the United States.?h The Democrats went through a tough primary campaign, and couldn?ft stop a Nixon victory. When looking at cultural changes, some remarkable happenings are the growth of the counterculture, unforgettable fashion, new musical styles, flower power, great TV and film, and sexual freedom. Thomas Pynchon incorporates some of the social trends in The Crying of Lot 49. Lastly in technological changes in 60s, needless to say, the most memorable event is the first manned landing on the moon Also this period was the age of youth, as millions of children from the post-war baby boom became teenagers and young adults. These young people wanted change. The changes would come and would in turn affect education, values, lifestyles, laws and entertainment. Thomas Pynchon uses the private mail delivery system, W.A.S.T.E. system, in the story, to compare with the mail delivery system that is a government monopoly. The poster of Uncle Sam on a wall of the post office symbolizes the watchdog of the government. (Pynchon 10) He